SmithLifeScience                                             Name __________________ Period _____


Reading Study Guide Chapter 12 Birds and Mammals
1-1 Birds (pp.406-413)

(p.406)

In 1861, Herman von Mayer, discovered the fossil of an Archaeopteryx.

1. What does Archaeopteryx mean? _____________________________

2. Archaeopteryx lived about __________ million years ago.

3-4. Name TWO bird characteristics of Archaeopteryx.

3. __________________________ and 4. ______________________________

5-6. Name TWO reptile characteristics of Archaeopteryx.

5. __________________________ and 6. ______________________________

Characteristics of Birds (p.407-411)

(p.407)

7-11. In addition to flying, modern birds share five characteristics. List them:
7. ____________________                     10. ____________________
8. ____________________                     11. ____________________
9. ____________________

Adaptations for Flight (page 407)

12-15. Name FOUR adaptations that enable a bird to fly.
12. ____________________                 13. ____________________
14. ____________________                 15 . ____________________

16-19 Identify each characteristic as a contour feather or a down feather.

16. Helps balance and steer the bird as it flies.        Contour Feather             Down Feather
17. Traps heat and keeps the bird warm.                  Contour Feather            Down Feather
18. Gives shape to the bird's body                           Contour Feather            Down Feather
19. Soft and flexible feathers                                 Contour Feather            Down Feather

Obtaining Oxygen (p.408)
20. Air sacs are connected to the bird's ______________.

21. The right side of a bird's heart pumps blood to the ____________________.

22. The left side of the bird's heart pumps blood to the _____________________.

Obtaining Food (p.409)
23. Birds use their _______________ to capture, grip, and handle food.

24.  The internal storage tank for storing food.             crop         or           gizzard

25. Squeezes and grinds food.                                      crop         or          gizzard

26. The gizzard does the same job that your ________________ do.

Keeping Conditions Stable (p.410)
27.  Birds are endotherms, they are:            Cold-blooded       or        Warm-blooded

28. If you ate like a bird, you would have to eat ________ hamburger patties a day.

Reproduction and Caring for Young (p.411)
29. Birds reproduce using ____________ fertilization:            External        or       Internal

30. Bird eggs are ________________ than reptile eggs.           Harder         or Softer

31. Only the female __________ incubates the eggs.                  Pigeon         or         Robin

32. Both __________ parents take turns incubating the eggs.     Pigeon        or         Robin

33. Name a newly hatched chick that is covered with down. ______________

34. Name a newly hatched chick that is born featherless and blind. _______________

Birds in the Environment (p.412-413)
35. Name a wading bird . ____________________________

36. Name a perching bird. ____________________________

37. Name a nectar-eating bird. ____________________________

38. Name a seed-eating bird. ____________________________

Extra Credit
There are many expressions about birds:
Eat like a bird.  and He's got eyes like an eagle. are two examples.
Write down any bird expressions you can think of.
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