Unit 1
Cells and Heredity
Chapter 6 Changes Over Time
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Previous: Modern Genetics Next: Darwin
Teacher Resources Student Extra Credit
| 6-1 Darwin's Theory Darwin's Observations Galapagos Organisms Evolution Natural Selection |
6-2 Evidence of Evolution Interpreting the Evidence Inferring Species Relationships How Do New Species Form? |
6-3 The Fossil Record How Do Fossils Form? Determining a Fossil's Age What Do Fossils Reveal: Geologic Time Unanswered Questions |
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| Day 1 |
| Topic 6-1 Evolution |
| Objectives/
I can... Define evolution, mutation, and adaptation. Explain how organisms change because of adaptations and mutations. Identify organisms that have changed due to adaptations and mutations. Use fossils to identify geological eras. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and physiology, embryology, the fossil record, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| Classwork-Homework Evolution: Process by which organisms change over time Mutation: Change in a gene Adaptation: Trait that helps an organism in its environment
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| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 2 |
| Topic 6-1 Evolution |
| Objectives/
I can... Define evolution, mutation, and adaptation. Explain how organisms change because of adaptations and mutations. Identify organisms that have changed due to adaptations and mutations. Use fossils to identify geological eras. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and physiology, embryology, the fossil record, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| Classwork-Homework Evolution: Process by which organisms change over time Mutation: Change in a gene Adaptation: Trait that helps an organism in its environment
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| TEC |
| Resources Facts of Evolution chapter 1 of 6 9:21 Facts of Evolution chapter 2 of 6 7:39 Facts of Evolution chapter 3 of 6 9:03 Facts of Evolution chapter 4 of 6 9:48 Facts of Evolution chapter 5 of 6 7:26 Facts of Evolution chapter 6 of 6 8:02 |
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| Topic 6-1 Natural Selection | ||||||
| Objectives/
I can... Identify evidence that shows organisms have changed throughout the earth's history. Understand how fossils are used to support the theory of evolution. Describe the Earth's past using the fossil record. Describe the ways in which the environment affects natural selection. Observe the relationship of climate to life on earth. Analyze possible causes and results of mass extinctions. Explain what mass extinctions are and when they occur. |
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| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and locations into, embryology, the fossil locations into, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.E.5 Analyze the processes involved in naturally occurring short-term and long-term Earth events (e.g., floods, ice ages, temperature, sea-level fluctuations. |
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| Classwork-Homework Extinction: disappearance of all members of a species Five Elements of Natural Selection Over reproduction Struggle for Existence Variation Survival of the Fittest Evolution of New Species
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| Resources |
| Day 4 |
| Topic Adaptation Investigation |
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I can... Students will learn and describe how different types of bird beaks have adapted to feed on different foods within a specific habitat. Student will learn that birds with beaks that are better adapted will have a better rate of survival. Students will learn how the finches of the Galapagos are an example of evolutionary processes. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and physiology, embryology, the fossil record, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| National Standards 5-8: Content Standard A: Science as Inquiry 5-8: Content Standard C: Populations and ecosystems 5-8: Content Standard C: Diversity and adaptations of organisms 5-8: Content Standard D: Structure of the Earth System, Earth History 5-8: Content Standard F: Populations, resources, and environments |
| Classwork-Homework Need tweezers, probes (toothpicks, chop sticks, spoons, straws, pliers Use Rice, Sun Flower Seeds, Marbles, Marshmallows |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 5 |
| Topic 6-2 Evidence of Evolution |
| Objectives/
I can... Describe evidence that is used to support the theory of evolution. Observe how horses have changed through time. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and physiology, embryology, the fossil record, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| Classwork-Homework Theory: Evidence for Evolution: Fossil, Biological, Genetic Vestigial structures: Horse: Toes Whale: Legs Similar Structures, Different Functions: Lion and Dog: Foreleg Bat: Wing Dolphin and Whale: Flipper Similarities in Development: Fish, Chicken, Rabbit, Human Embryos Comparing Genes
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| TEC |
| Resources According to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the horse became extinct on the North American continent around 8000 BC. Spanish explorers reintroduced horses to North American in the 1500s. Use Globe:Fearon picture 4-9 page 102. Prentice:Hall 25-6 p.638 |
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| Topic 6-3 How do Fossils Form? | ||||
| Objectives/
I can... Explain how different kinds of fossils are formed Define fossils. Name the kind of rock most fossils are found in. |
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| State Goals 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that effect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems. (e.g., jet stream, hurricanes, plate tectonics) 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. |
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| Classwork-Homework Fossil: Remains or traces of once-living organisms.
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| Day 7 |
| Topic 6-3 Geologic time |
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I can... Describe how scientists use the geologic time scale. Define relative age. Describe patterns in the fossil record. Model how scientists analyze the fossil record. |
| State Goals 12.E.2b Describe and explain short-term and long-term interactions of the Earth's components (e.g., earthquakes, types of erosion). 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that effect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems. (e.g., jet stream, hurricanes, plate tectonics) 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. |
| Classwork-Homework 1. Nonsense syllables cards Explain how letters match up to different horizon levels 2. View fossil pictures of ancient animals 3. Earth fossil layer pictures Picture M on bottom Match fossils as you work up Levels spell ORGANISM 4. Cross out every fossil that has a double. The 5 fossils that are left are index fossils used to help determine the age of a fossil. |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 8 |
| Topic When the Crocodiles Ruled: Simulate a fossil dig. |
| Objectives/
I can... Create a map of a fossil site that describes ancient conditions. Describe how the environment of a fossil site has changed over time. Explain how inferences about the Earth's history are made. Describe how the evidence of fossils and types of rock are used to infer ancient conditions. Determine the problems involved in interpreting fossil data. Predict where a certain type of life form can be found. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that effect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems. (e.g., jet stream, hurricanes, plate tectonics) 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. |
| Classwork-Homework |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 9 |
| Topic Fossil Exploration |
| Objectives/
I can... Understand the basics of fossil formation. Grasp the importance of fossils to scientists. Identify at least six important fossils and understand some of their basic anatomy. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.A.3c Compare and contrast how different forms and structures reflect different functions 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that effect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems. (e.g., jet stream, hurricanes, plate tectonics) |
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Classwork-Homework Takes students on an interactive journey into the fascinating world of fossil exploration and identification. Activity from Skulldugery. Use these fossils: Cave Bear (Tooth), Crinoid, Allosaurus (Claw), Trilobite, Ammonite, Saber-tooth Tiger (Tooth). Reference page and chart. |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Topic 6-3 Geologic Time: Time Line of Your Life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Objectives/
I can... Define life cycle. Identify the stages of the life cycle of organisms. |
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| State Goals 12.A.2a Describe simple life cycles of plants and animals and the similarities and differences in their offspring. |
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| Classwork-Homework Discuss Life Cycle Just put the bold words on board and have kids fill in life cycles.
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| Resources |
| Day 11 |
| Topic Time Line of Life |
| Objectives/
I can... Create a time line of important events in your life. Create icons to match the vent. |
| State Goals 12.A.2a Describe simple life cycles of plants and animals and the similarities and differences in their offspring. |
| Classwork-Homework Use 11 x 17 paper to create a time line of their life. Use 1" per year. 1. Draw a line across your page 2. Starting from the left side measure and mark intervals of one inch 3. Label each line Born...199?...199?..etc up to their age. 4. Neatly record you important events on your time line. 5. Put a title on your time line. 6. Illustrate event(s) of your life in open spaces. -or- Create icons that will identify with your event. Hospital: Red Cross or Broken Bone Born: baby face School: School house or books |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 12 |
| Topic 6-3 Fossils, Unicellular & Multicellular Organisms, Mass Extinctions |
| Objectives/
I can... Students will become familiar with events in the Earth's history and how they relate to one another. Create a human time line of earth history events. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that effect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems. (e.g., jet stream, hurricanes, plate tectonics) 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. |
| Classwork-Homework 1. Have 8 x 12 construction paper with different events in Earth's history listed. 2. Keep record of event and bya and mya (Billion years ago and million years ago) 3. Have kids line up one at a time in the order they think the events happened. 4. Put events (kids in correct order) |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Topic 6-3 Geologic Eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Objectives/
I can... Name the three time divisions in the geologic time scale. Describe how the climate and landscape in North America have changed over time. Name three prehistoric animals and describe their habitat. |
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| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.B.1a Describe and compare characteristics of living things in relationship to their environments. 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that effect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems. (e.g., jet stream, hurricanes, plate tectonics) 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. |
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| Classwork-Homework Geologic Time Scale
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Resources
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| Day 14 |
| Topic 6-3 Time Line of Geologic Time |
| Objectives/
I can... Name the three eras that the history of life on earth is divided into. Name examples of life forms that lived in each era. Students will become familiar with events in the Earth's history and how they relate to one another. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. |
| Classwork-Homework Create a classroom Time Line Book. Each student will be assigned or choose an event of Earth history. On 8 X 12 paper each student will use the date in time as a title and create a poster of the event. The posters will be assembled in order and a classroom Earth History book will be created. The books may be copied and given to each student. Additional events may be chosen for extra credit. A cover for the book can also be created. |
| TEC Each student will be assigned or choose an event of Earth history. Use11 x 18 paper and create an earth history event poster. Additional events may be chosen for extra credit. Make a mark on a wall every 10" and make a small line. You will need 25.5 yards. Counting by 50 million years, label each line: 50 mya, 100 mya, 150 mya, 200 mya and so on. Stop at 4600 mya which would be 4.6 Billion years ago. Have students stand under date in timeline or display posters on the wall. |
| Resources "Camels often sit down carefully. Perhaps their joints creak. Possibly, early oiling might prevent painful rheumatism". Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent |
| Day 15 |
| Topic 6-3 Geologic Time Lines |
| Objectives/
I can... Sequence events in Earth history. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. |
| Classwork-Homework
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| TEC |
| Resources Page 1 Time Lines Graphics Page 2 Time Lines Graphics Page 3 Time Lines Graphics Page 4 Time Lines Graphics Page 5 Time Lines Graphics Page 6 Time Lines Graphics |
| Day 16 |
| Topic 6-3 Human Evolution |
| Objectives/
I can... Compare Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon species. Create a map of hominid migration. Use a migration map to answer questions. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| Classwork-Homework Anthropology: science that deals with the study of human beings
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| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 17 |
| Topic Hominids |
| Objectives/
I can... List hominids. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| Classwork-Homework
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| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 18 |
| Topic 6-3 Comparison of human and ape chromosomes |
| Objectives/
I can... Describe, measure and compare cranial casts from contemporary apes (chimpanzees and gorillas, typically), modern humans and fossil "hominids" (erect and bipedal forms evolutionarily separated from apes). |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| Classwork-Homework Walking With Cavemen Part 1 First Ancestors 9:16 Walking With Cavemen Part 2 First Ancestors 9:43 Walking With Cavemen Part 3 Fisrt Ancestors 10:13
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| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 18 |
| Topic 6-3 Primate Bipedalsim |
| Objectives/
I can... Identify key anatomical similarities and differences between the great apes and humans. Infer likely anatomical features in ancient human ancestors. List principal anatomical changes in primates necessary for adaptation to fully bipedal locomotion. Sequence particular anatomical features in hominids as part of a series of broader evolutionary trends. |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy, embryology, fossils, genetics, and biochemistry. |
| Classwork-Homework |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day 20 |
| Topic Rock Detectives |
| Objectives/
I can... Describe how fossils can reveal information about the past. Use clues to solve fossil brain teasers |
| State Goals 12.A.4c Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and hominoid, embryology, the fossil hominoid, genetics, and biochemistry. 12.E.4b Describe how rock sequences and fossil remains are used to interpret the age and changes in the Earth. 12.E.5 Analyze the processes involved in naturally occurring short-term and long-term Earth events (e.g., floods, ice ages, temperature, sea-level fluctuations. |
| Classwork-Homework Naturescope: Geology: The Active Earth pages50-52, 55-57 Pass out page 55, occurring page, and go over it. Pass out page 57 and read through the clues. Pass out Rock Layers page 56 |
| TEC |
| Resources |
| Day Fit into computer lab schedule |
| Topic Internet |
| Objectives/
I can... Identify key anatomical similarities and differences between the great apes and humans. Infer likely anatomical features in ancient human ancestors. List principal anatomical changes in primates necessary for adaptation to fully bipedal locomotion. Sequence particular anatomical features in hominids as part of a series of broader evolutionary trends. |
| State Goals 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that effect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems. (e.g., jet stream, hurricanes, plate tectonics) |
| Classwork-Homework Building Bodies Put an ape and human skeleton together Calculating Cousins Put living things in order by age Chromosome Connection Match ape and human chromosomes
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| TEC |
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Previous: Modern Genetics Next: Darwin
TEACHER RESOURCES
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| ADAPTATION |
| Use the Note Taking Guide with the Adaptation Cards. |
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| AMBER |
| AMMONITE |
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| BERINGIA |
| Beringia Quest: Ancient Mammals |
| BONE WARS |
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| CAMBRIAN TIME |
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| CENOZOIC ERA |
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| CHICXULUB CRATER |
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| CLADIOGRAMS |
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| CONVERGENGE |
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| CRETACEOUS PERIOD |
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| DINOSAURS |
| The goal of the exhibit, "The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park", is to clarify between fact and fiction. |
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| ELEPHANT SEAL EVOLUTION |
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| EMBRYOS |
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| EVOLUTION |
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| See how organisms have changed in different time periods. |
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| EXTINCTION |
| FIELD TRIPS |
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| FOSSILS |
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| Analyze characteristics of fossils, compare placements of fossils and determine relative ages. |
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| Use these fossils: Cave Bear (Tooth), Crinoid, Allosaurus (Claw), Trilobite, Ammonite, Saber-tooth Tiger (Tooth). |
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| Use Skeletal Resource Manual as a reference. |
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| GEOLOGIC HISTORY |
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| Extra Credit: Page 1 Time Lines Graphics Page 2 Time Lines Graphics Page 3 Time Lines Graphics Page 4 Time Lines Graphics Page 5 Time Lines Graphics Page 6 Time Lines Graphics |
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| Formation of Bermuda 2 pages that show Bermuda 110 mya to today. |
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| GEOLOGY |
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| GONDWANA |
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| HORSE EVOLUTION |
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| HUMAN EVOLUTION |
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| Use a different color to locate the fossils for the four hominids. Answer Hominid Migration Questions |
| Go to Learning Center ......Lesson Plans |
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| ICE AGE |
| Saber Cat, Ground Sloth, Stag Moose, Woodland Musk Ox, Mastodon, Bison antiquus, Wooly Mammoth |
| KEYS, GUIDES & CHECKLISTS |
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| LAW OF SUPERPOSITION |
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| MAMMALS |
| MASS EXTINCTIONS |
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| MESOZOIC ERA |
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| MUSEUMS |
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| NATURAL SELECTION |
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| NEANDERTAL |
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| PALEONTOLOGY |
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| PALEOZOIC ERA |
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| PLATE TECTONICS |
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| PRECAMBRIAN PERIOD |
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| PRIMATES |
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| RADIOMETRIC DATING |
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| REPTILES |
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| SABERTOOTHED TIGER |
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| TEMPERATURE |
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| TRILOBITES |
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| WEBQUESTS |
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| WHALE EVOLUTION |
| Whale Evolution |
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| To find the links related to Darwin type in the keyword SCN-0351. Then use the links to complete the following activity. Imagine that you were aboard the HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin as he explored the Galapagos Islands. 1. Draw a map of the islands. 2. Label the names of the islands. 3. List the different organisms Darwin found on each island. 4. Make a key for each organism and put the symbol where the organism was found. |
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