Mr and Mrs Smiths Life Science: Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Function

Day 1

Topic  2-1 What is a microscope?
           1-7 What is a microscope?
       1-8 What are the parts of a microscope?

Objectives
Explain how living things are different from nonliving things.
Describe how the microscope led to the discovery of cells.
Describe the cell theory.
To become familiar with the hand lens (magnifying glass) and the stereoscopic microscope (dissecting microscope).

State Goals

Classwork

Vocabulary
Microscope: tool that make things look larger than they really are.
Lens: piece of curved glass that causes light rays to come together or spread out

Types of Light Microscopes
Simple Microscope: has only one lens
Compound Microscope: Has two or more lenses

Globe Fearon 2-1 What is a microscope? pp.38-39
1-7 What is a microscope? pp. 26-27
1-8 What are the parts of a microscope? pp.28-29

Show class the different microscopes

Microscope Diagram

Hand Lenses and Microscopes NEW 2005
Draw a penny using a hand lens.
Draw two insects using dissecting microscope.

TEC

Prentice Hall 1-4 Tools of a Scientist pp.24-28

Resources

Day 2 and 3

Topic Using Microscopes

Objectives
Use a microsciope.
Create magnifying glasses.
Identify the parts of a microscope.

State Goals

Classwork
   Microscope Mania My worksheet
           Cell Photograph Page for Station 3

            Microscope Mania Notes
            Microscope Mania Station cards and Materials
            Microscope Mania Mystery Picture Cards
            Microscope Mania Student Worksheet

TEC

Resources
How to Make a Wet Slide

Staining Cells: Cheek

Day 4

Topic 2-2 What are cells?
4-1 What are cells?

Objectives
Explain the cell theory.
Learn about the scientists and how cell theory was developed.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework
Vocabulary
Cell: basic unit of structure and function in living things

Cell Theory
All living things are made up of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure in living things, and cells carry on all life processes
Cells come only from other living cells

Globe Fearon 2-2 What are cells? pp. 40-41
4-1 What are cells? pp. 78-79

Scientists and Cell Theory Use text pages to fill in chart

Scientist	Date	Discovery
Robert Hooke	1665	1st person to observe and name dead cells in cork. GF 2-5 p.40 PH 3-1 p.70
Anton van Leeuwenhoek	1674	1st to observe and decribe living cells in drop of pond water. GF 2-6 p.40 PH 3-1 p.70
Matthias Schleiden	1838	Stated that all plants are made up of cells. GF p.79
Theodor Schwann	1839	Said the cell is the basic unit of structure in animals GF p.79
Rudolph Virchow	1855	Said all living cells come from other living cells

TEC
Prentice Hall 3-1 The Cell Theory pp.70-71

Resources

Day 5

Topic 2-3 What are the main cell parts? 4-2 What are the main cell parts?
2-4 What are other cell parts. 4-3 What are the other cell parts?

Objectives
Identify the main cell parts.
describe the functions of the cell parts.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework
Cell Organelles

ORGANELLE	FUNCTION: JOB: WHAT IT DOES
Cell Membrane	Doorway
Cytoplasm	Jelly-like substance inside a cell
Nucleus	Control Center: Brain
Nuclear Membrane	Protects the nucleus
Mitochondria	Powerhouse
Endoplasmic Reticulum	Transportation System
Ribosomes	Protein Factories
Golgi Bodies	Post Office
Vacuole	Storage Tanks
Lysosomes	Clean up Crew
Cell Wall (Plant)	Fence
Chloroplast (Plant)	Energy Producers

Globe Fearon 2-3 What are the main cell parts? pp.42-43
                                4-2 What are the main cell parts? pp. 80-81

Globe Fearon 2-4 What are other cell parts? pp.44-45
                               4-3 What are the other cell parts? pp. 82-83

Cell Function Chart

Cell Organelle	Function: What it Does
Cell Membrane	thin structure that surrounds a cell; Doorway
Cytoplasm	jelly-like substance iside the cell
Nucleus	control center of the cell; Control Center
Nuclear Membrane	thin structure that surrounds and protects the nucleus
Mitochondria	releases energy for the cell: Powerhouse
Endoplasmic Reticulum	small network of tubes that move substances along; Transportation System
Ribosomes	small, round structures that make proteins; Protein Factories
Golgi Bodies (GF)	packages and sends materials in the cell; Post Office
Vacuole	stores substances cells need to survive; Storage Tanks
Lysosomes	structures that break down nutrients and old cell parts; Clean up Crew
Cell Wall (Plant)	thick outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells; Fence
Chloroplast (Plant)	organelle that contains chlorophyll; Energy Producers

Organelle Notecards
Cut out each box and correctly match the organelle to the proper description.
Paste to index cards to create study flashcards.

TEC

Prentice Hall 3-2 Structure and Function of Cells pp.71-81

Resources
Cell Rap Song
Inside the Cell

Cell Organelle Table

Day 6

Topic 2-5 How do plant and animal cells differ?
4-4 How do plant and animal cells differ?

Objectives
Compare plant cells and animal cells.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework

Vocabulary
Plant Cell Organelles (Add to Cell Function Chart)
Cell Wall: thick outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells
Chloroplast: organelle that contains chlorophyll
Cellulose: sugar that that make up the cell wall
Chlorophyll: green material in chloroplasts that is needed to make food

2-5 How do plant and animal cells differ? pp. 46-47
4-4 How do plant and animal cells differ? pp. 84-85

Prentice Hall 3-15 Cell Factory p.62

Cell City Compare the organelles to the parts of a city.
Cell City Introduction

How Does a Plant Cell Relate to Your School?

TEC

Resources

Virtual Cell Tour: Plant and Animal

Day 7

Topic Cell Diagrams

Objectives
Create a biological drawing.
Draw and label parts of plant and animal cell.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework

Rules for Biological Drawings

Cell Drawing Rubric for information.

Draw and label the plant cell.

Globe Fearon 2-14 Plant Cell p.46

Globe Fearon Plant Cell p.84

Prentice Hall 3-4 Plant Cell p.73

TEC

Resources

Day 8

Topic Animal Cell

Objectives
Identify and label animal cell.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework
Evaluate Plant Cell using Plant Cell Rubric

Color code and label Animal Cell Diagram . Write the function of each cell part.

TEC

Draw Animal Cell using Animal Cell Rubric

Prentice Hall 3-5 Aniaml Cell p.74

Resources

Day 9

Topic 2-6 Why do cells have different shapes?
4-7 Why do cells have different shapes?

Objectives
Describe and relate the structures and functions of different kinds of cells

State Goals

Classwork / Homework
Vocabulary
Unicellular: contains only one cell
Multicellular: contains more than one cell
Pseudopod: fingerlike extension of the cytoplasm
Stoma: tiny openings in the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf
Guard Cell: controls the size of the stomata

Globe Fearon 2-6 Why do cells have different shapes? pp.48-49
4-7 Why do cells have different shapes? pp. 90-91

Cell Shape and Function Chart Add column to draw cell.

Cell	Structure	Function
Amoeba	Change shape	To move and get food
Red Blood Cell	Flexible; Fit through tubes	Carry oxygen
Nerve Cells	Long and thin	Carry messages called impulses.
Guard Cells	Can swell and shrink	Controls the size of the stomata

Ode to an Amoeba To Twinkle Twinkle Little Star

TEC

4-7 Why do cells have different shapes? pp. 90-91
Cell Book Project Internet Research

Resources

Day 10

Topic 2-7 How do materials move in and out of cells?
4-5 What is diffusion?

Objectives
Describe how materials can move in and out of cells.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework

Vocabulary
Diffusion: movement of molecules from crowded areas to uncrowded areas
Passive Transport: movement of materials through a membrane without the use of energy
Osmosis: movement of water through a membrane
Active Transport: movement of materiala througha membrane using energy

Globe Fearon 2-7 How do materials move in and out of cells? pp. 50-51
4-5 What is diffusion? pp. 86-87

Diffusion Lab

Honey, I Shrunk the Carrots

TEC

Prentice Hall 3-3 Cell Processes pp.81-88

Resources

Passive Transport

Active Transport

Day 11

Topic 2-8 How do cells obtain energy?

Objectives
Describe the processes that cells use to get energy.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework

Vocabulary
Energy: the ability to do work or cause change
Photosynthesis: food making process in plants and other organisms that use sunlight
Glucose: a simple type of sugar
Fermentation: process by which a cell releases energy from food without using oxygen

Photosynthesis
Sunlight + Water + Carbon dioxide --------> Oxygen + Sugar

Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen -----> Water + Energy + Carbon dioxide

Globe Fearon 2-8 How do cells obtain energy? pp.54-55

TEC

Globe Fearon 2-8 How do cells obtain energy? pp.54-55

Resources

Day 12

Topic 2-9 How do cells produce new cells?
4-6 How do cells produce new cells?

Objectives
Describe how cells reproduce.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework

Vocabulary
Chromosomes: cell parts that determine what traits a living thing will have
Chromatin: threadlike material that makes up chromosomes
Mitosis: division of the nucleus
Daughter Cell: new cell produced by cell division

Label stages of Mitosis
Have drawing on board of mitosis.

GF 2-29 p.56

PH 3-25 p.90
                Prophase
                Metaphase
                Anaphase
                Telophase

Globe Fearon 2-9 How do cells produce new cells? pp.56-57
4-6 How do cells produce new cells? pp. 88-89

Mitosis: Making an Identical Cell: Prentice Hall Resource has a page also.

TEC

Prentice Hall 3-4 Cell Growth and Division pp.88-91

Resources

Mitosis Notes ScienceSpot Activity

Day 13

Topic

Objectives
Identify the phases of meitosis.

State Goals

Classwork / Homework

Identify the Phases of Mitosis Onion Cell Drawing.
Allow use of homework as their reference.

TEC
Cell Book Project Library Research

Resources

Activities Investigations Art Resources Web Sites

Biology Chapter Worksheets

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Binary Fission in a Protist These images, captured from video using a Snappy video grabber, illustrate the final stages of protozoan asexual reproduction (a process known as "binary fission"). The organism undergoing division, a small ciliate, gets a helping hand from one of its "cohorts" during the final stage, separation of the two daughter cells.

Reproduction in Animals: Asexual Reproduction

CELL MEMBRANE

Cell Membrane and Surface Area Demos The following demonstrations will illustrate the many different effects that surface area can have.

CELLS

Cell Book Project

Cell City Compare the organelles to the parts of a city.

Organelle Notecards Cut out each box and correctly match the organelle to the proper description. Paste to index cards to create study flashcards.

Journey Into a Cell Student groups will assemble and edit scientific information on cells, then write and illustrate a creative story.

Cell Observation Exercise The students are required to learn how to use a microscope, know how to determine size of objects, make a wet mount, stain cells, identify large cellular structures, know differences between procaryotic, eukaryotic, plant and animal cells.

Cell Organelle Table

History of Cell Discoveries Robert Hooke (1665) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Matthias Schleiden (1838) Theodor Schwann (1839) Rudolph Virchow (1855)

Levels of Organization

Microbe Hunters Play tells the story of Lazzaro Spallanzani. The second act deals with Pasteur and his refutation of spontaneous generation.

Cell Explorer Interactive site to explore the cell. Great graphics.

Cells Alive

Inside the Cell provides an overview of the basic facts of cell biology. The brochure also contains some history of key scientific discoveries.

Levels of Organization In unicellular (single-celled) organisms, the single cell performs all life functions. It functions independently. However, multicellular (many celled) organisms have various levels of organization within them. Individual cells may perform specific functions (causing a division of labor) and work together for the good of the entire organism. The cells become dependent on one another. Explore Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, and Organisms.

OnLine Onion Root Tips In order to examine cells in the tip of an onion root, a thin slice of the root is placed onto a microscope slide and stained so the chromosomes will be visible. The cells you'll be looking at in this activity were photographed with a light microscope and then digitized so you can see them on the computer.

Studying Cells Tutorial This exercise is designed to review the scientific method and introduce you to the cell as the fundamental unit of life.

Virtual Cell Tour: Plant and Animal

CHROMOSOMES

A Microscopists' View of Chromosome Organization Chromatin is the name that describes nuclear material that contains the genetic code. In fact, the code is stored in individual units called "chromosomes".

DIFFUSION

Diffusion and Osmosis With Data Analysis This activity helps students understand the essential principles governing diffusion and osmosis. Concepts such as permeability, equilibrium, water potential, concentration gradients, and plasmolysis are illustrated.

Egg Osmometers Students construct osmometers using raw eggs and other readily obtainable materials. Osmometers are used to examine the phenomena of concentration gradients, diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure, passive transport, and active transport.

MICROSCOPES

Scanning Electron Microscope Worksheet

Scanning Electron Microscope Web Site

Hair to Compare Compare different animal hairs under a microscope.

Microscope Lesson Lesson Plan: View: Letter "e", cheek cells, animal & plant cells.

Toothpaste Textures Compare different toothpastes using a microscope and consumer testing.

Microscope Diagram A labeled diagram of a microscope

  Microscope Mania Notes
          Microscope Mania Station cards and Materials
          Microscope Mania Mystery Picture Cards
          Microscope Mania Student Worksheet

An Introduction to Microscopy The following pages introduce you to the world of the microscope. You will get information about the instrument and about the subjects you can study through the microscope.

Antony van Leeuwenhoek: Inventor of the Microscope One of the earliest uses of a simple microscope for examining the minute details of living things was by a Dutch cloth merchant, Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723).

History of the Light Microscope The microscope has become one of the most recognizable symbols of science. This site covers the early history of the microscope, starting with use of a simple lens in ancient times, to the first compound microscope circa 1590, up to the microscopes of the 19th century.

The History of the Microscope: The van Leeuwenhoek Microscope Some Leeuwenhoek microscopes are not what they seem. These studies reveal the appearance of a typical Leeuwenhoek microscope. However, there is an intriguing aspect to each.

Microscope: How to Use It and Enjoy It Neat site. Looks at viruses, bacteria, and other microbes.

MITOSIS

Mitosis Notes Draw phases of mitosis and fill in blanks.

Plant Cell Lab Prepare an onion skin slide and draw 5-10 cells. Identify phases of mitosis.

Mitosis: Chromosome Replication & Division

Animal Cell Mitosis A Cells Alive Site. Watch an animation of cell division.

Cell Cycle & Mitosis Tutorial

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

How Does a Plant Get Energy

Illuminating Photosynthesis This feature takes a look at the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle and at the process of photosynthesis. Also included are a few puzzlers with answers that may surprise you.

SPECIALIZED CELLS

Observing Specialized Cells In this investigation, you will observe several different types of cells. You will compare and contrast the structures you see in the cells, and relate the structures to the functions the different cells perform.

Extra Credit

Cells Alive Worksheet Use this worksheet and explore the Cells Alive Web Site.

Cell Parts Quiz Take the quiz and bring in your answer sheet.

Cell Theory Historical Timeline Use reference sources to obtain information and report on the findings by constructing a timeline showing the chronology of the historical events leading to the development of the cell theory.

Cell to Cell: Keeping on Track Complete both projects: #1 Organelle #2 Disease

Cellular Respiration Difficult question page from Biology Chapter Worksheets

Drag and Drop Cell Membrane Create and label a model of a cell membrane.

Egg Osmometers Construct osmometers using a raw egg. Osmometers are used to study diffusion. Bring your egg in!!

Innovative Inventions Find out the year these inventions were created.

Use the Microscope Mania worksheet and go to Cells & Microscopes to explore answers to the questions.

Murder Under the Microscope Murder under the Microscope is an environmental murder mystery played via the Internet. The eco-game promotes awareness of catchment management issues by motivating students to:investigate a mysterious crime, develop a scientifically based case against the villain, make their accusation ahead of other teams, and prepare a catchment management plan to stop the crime happening again. You must register to play this game. Ask your parents! Bring me proof you played!!!!

Zooming Down the Tree of Life to Life's Building Blocks Explore the web site on carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Answer the worksheet questions.