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Bird Information  SmithLifeScience.com

Last Updated    3/8/2008       9/5/2005      2/2/2005     4/20/2003     3/30/2003     3/29/2003     3/27/2003

Classification: Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Amniota, Class Aves

Kinds of Birds
a. Land Birds — sparrows, robins, swallows, warblers, ostriches, emus, rheas, cassowaries,
                          chickadees, wood thrushes, road runners and woodpeckers.

b. Water Birds — albatrosses, petrels, shearwaters, herons, loons, grebes, rails, ducks, geese,
                             gulls and terns.

c. Tropical Birds — parrots and trogons.

d. Birds of Prey — eagles, hawks, falcons, owls and vultures.

e. Perching Birds — sparrows, finches, robins, ravens, crows, thrushes, warblers, swallows,
                                larks, wrens, starlings and shrikes.

f. Game Birds — ducks, geese, swans, quail, dove, grouse, woodcocks, and pheasants.

g. Flightless Birds — ostriches, penguins, emus, rheas and cassowaries.

Characteristics of birds:

         Youngbirds
             Helpless in nest
             Run when hatched ( covered with down)


Bird TimeLine    

Today        8580 Species
                  155 Families
                  27 Orders
                  800 Extinct

20 mya        No birds alive would be exact matches for birds of today, but similar. Some died out.

63-36 mya   Modern Birds
                       Ostrich
                       Shore birds
                       Owls
                       Cranes

130-50 mya  Pterosaurs
                       Pterodactyl; sparrow sized
                       Reptiles that glided from tree to tree or soared on air currents.
                       No feathers
                       Wings: Membranes of skin like bats supported by lengthened 4th finger.
                                  Other fingers were hooked claws.
                       Fossil found in texas, 1971, 39 ft wing span.
                       Weak legs; could not perch or walk
                       Long slender beaks
                       Strong sharply pointed teeth.
                       Evolved in to Pteranodon                        
     
135 mya       Sinornis First flying bird
                       Found in China
                       Shoulders for flight
                       Tail bones fused into one piece

136-65 mya  Pteranodan
                       Tail shorter than Pterosarus
                       Teeth disappeared
                       Wingspan 27 feet

140 mya       Archaeopteryx
                       Fossil found in Bavaria 1861
                       Not quite a bird, not quite a reptile
                       Three clawed fingers
                       Probably a glider
                       Size of a pheasant

150 mya       Latter day creation, shortly ahfter first mammals

220 mya       Earliest known Protoavis
                       Size of a pheasant
                       Fossil found in Texas 1991
                       Could not fly

 

Question: where did it (and all birds) come from?

Hypotheses:
1. (Most widely accepted) Theropod dinosaur that evolved feathers for insulation; subsequently evolved flight
Support: Structural similarity to theropod dinosaurs, including:


2. (Not well accepted, but some ornithologists and paleontologists argue for it): Birds originated as early Archosaurs (group of reptiles that includes dinosaurs and crocodilians), but not a dinosaur group.
Support: based primarily on reasoning

Fossil Evidence of History of Avian Evolution:

Early Cretaceous birds (about 135 mya) from China

Sinornis : (Early Cretaceous; 135 mya) shows development of many modern bird traits related to flight and perching

Confuciusornis: oldest beaked bird

Late Cretaceous birds:
Toothed oceanic birds (about 100 mya)
Apparently went extinct at Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary along with dinosaurs

 Hesperornis

 Ichthyornis

Early Tertiary birds: (about 60 mya)

Quaternary birds: (1.5 mya)


Relationships of birds to other animals:


Birds as flying machines: structural and behavioral adaptations



 

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Learn About Vultures

Vultures are large black raptors with a long wingspan that are often seen soaring in groups in high wide circles, rocking and tilting in flight, usually gliding in a strong "V" shape. Vultures usually have bare, unfeathered heads, which helps reduce infection when feeding on rotten meat.
 

 

All About Owls

Owl species vary in size, but typically have large, round heads, with forward-facing eyes framed by a feathered facial disk. They have wide wings, short tails, lightweight bodies, and unusually soft, fluffy body feathers.

Learn about Hawks!
Hawks is a general term used to describe the entire group of diurnal (active by day) raptors. Worldwide there are over 200 species of meat-eating birds that comprise the order Falconiformes, the scientific name for hawk.

Some hawk species undertake long migration journeys, traveling thousands of miles each year - a testimony to their strength and stamina.

Hawks have excellent hearing and eyesight. Their vision is 8x greater than that of a human!

In our region, hawks typically breed in early spring, and many will pair for life, unless a mate is lost to death. Some species pairs remain together year round, while others may separate after the breeding season and return to the same breeding/nesting site the next year (after the migratory season is over).

Eagles

Eagles are larged bodied raptors, mostly dark brown in color with long, broad wings, and fan-shapped tails and have large, strong feet and a powerful beak.

You can often spot eagles soaring high and gliding in the sky.
There are 2 species of eagles widespread throughout North America, the bald eagle and the golden eagle; Both can be observed in our region!
The bald eagle is America's national symbol and has been since 1782 and is unique to North America!
The average wingspan of an eagle can vary from six to seven feet! WOW! That's a BIG bird!

The mature bald eagle appears very different than its relative the golden eagle in color, it has a distinctive white head and tail, and a bright yellow beak. These distinguishing bald eagle traits do not appear until the bird reaches adulthood when they are three to four years old.

Bald eagles usually live near water (oceans, rivers, lakes), while golden eagles live in open, mountainous country.
Eagles nests are very large, possibly measuring up to six feet wide and weighing 100 pounds; many of the nests are used year after year.
Eagles may roost singly or in groups exceeding 100 birds!

Harriers
There are 10 species of harriers worldwide but only 1 species in North America, the northern harrier also known as the "marsh hawk".

The marsh hawk is a medium-sized, slim raptor with long legs and tail with a white rump patch at the base of the upper tail.

Marsh hawks live in open areas, often hunting in fields, meadows, or marshes.

This raptor has a distinctive hunting flight called "coursing", where they fly low over the ground following the contours of the land and holding the wings in a V-shape.

Unlike other daytime raptors, this bird has a facial ruff which helps to focus sound toward the ears.

Marsh hawks nest on the ground and their diet consists of rodents, small birds, and insects.

Most species are sexually dimorphic - meaning that the female is larger in size and brown and white in color, and the male is smaller in size and gray and white in color

Osprey

Osprey are large eagle-like raptors that live and nest near fresh or salt water, on treetops or on the tops of man-made poles with platforms.

Osprey eat fish; and their fishing is made easy with their long legs and sharp talons. They like to hover, and then dive into water for fish.

These raptors have long, narrow wings with a characteristic gull-like crook and dark patch at its wrist; their back is dark brown and their breast is white. They have a distinct dark eye stripe (malar stripe), and lack the protective bony ridge above the eye like other raptors.

Accipiters

Accipiters are small to medium-sized raptors and have short, rounded wings and long tails, traits useful for speed and maneuvering in forested habitats!

There are three species of accipiters found in North America, the northern goshawk, the Cooper's hawk, and the sharp-shinned hawk; all of which can be observed in our region.

Adult accipiters typically have dark gray backs, barred or streaked breasts and tails, red eyes, and long toes.

Young accipters typically have brown backs, streaked breasts, and yellow eyes.

Their flight pattern include rapid wingbeats alternating with longer glides, and occasionally soaring.

Accipiters are fierce, stealthy hunters and their diet consists mostly of other birds and small mammals.

Falcons

Falcons are a group of hawks that vary in size from small to medium, and are identified by their large head, notched beak, dark eyes, and distinct stripe(s) below their eyes called malar stripes.

Their powerful short beaks have a tomial tooth on the upper jaw, which with the hooked tip create a notch for cutting the spinal cord of prey.

Falcons are powerful fliers and divers with long, narrow, pointed wings and long tails. Among the most aerial and acrobatic of the raptors their flight ability is legendary; scientist say these raptors can fly at speeds of over 100 miles per hour!

These raptors do not build their own nests, but scrape out spots on cliffs or in cavities and typically live in open country.

Five falcon species can be found in our region, they are the American kestrel, merlin, prairie falcon, peregrine, falcon, and the gyrfalcon.

It is this group of birds around which the sport of "falconry" revolves.

Buteos

Buteos are medium to large, stout bodied hawks, identified by their broad wings and fan shaped tails.

These raptors are soaring hawks, but also hover or fly low along areas where prey are thought to be.

Many species have a variety of color phases most commonly dark.

Their diet consists primarily of small mammals, but as a group they will capture a wide variety of prey.

You often can see this type of raptor perched on large limbs of trees, utility poles, or fences.

Kites

Kites are medium-sized raptors which have falcon-like flight appearance, but distinctly different tails.

These raptors have long, pointed wings and graceful, flight.

The kites that children love to fly are named after these graceful fliers.

Some species of kite have a slightly different wing and beak shape, in order to eat snails.

 

27 Bird Orders

Anseriformes         
Ducks & Geese        

 Apodiformes  
Swifts & Hummingbirds		 Apterygiformes           
Kiwis		 Caprimulgiformes    
Goatsuckers   
Canada Goose Ruby-Throated Hum B. Kiwi Goatsucker
Egyptian Goose      
Redhead Duck      
Wood Duck      
       
       

 

Casuariiformes       
Flightless: Emus

 Charadriiformes        
Shore Birds    		Ciconiiformes or
Phoenicopteriformes    
Herons, Storks, &
Flamingos   		 Coliiformes               
Mousebird
Emu Mountain Plover Black Tern Mousebird
  Western Gull Lesser Flamingo  
       
       
       
       

 


Columbiformes       
Pigeons      		 Coraciifromes
Kingfishers &  
Hornbills                        		  Cuculiformes              
Doves & Cuckoos    		 Falconiformes
Eagles, Falcons         
& Hawks        
Passenger Pigeon Guam Kingfisher Cuckoo American Kestral
  Hornbill Mourning Dove Am. Peregrin Falcon
      Bald Eagle
      California Condor
      Griffon Vulture
      Lappet-Faced Vulture
       

 


Galliformes                
Pheasant, Grouse,
Turkey, &Quail  		 Gaviiformes            
Loons    		 Gruiformes
Cranes, Coots &           
Rails 		 Passeriformes
Perching: Sparrows,   
Larks, & Warblers 
Bobwhite Quail Common Loon African Crowned Crane American Robin
Green Pheasant   Whooping Crane Goldfinch
    Pinyon Jay
      Red Winged Blackbird
      Scissors-Tail Flycatcher
       

 

Pelicaniformes           
Pelicans, Boobies &
Comerants		 Piciformes               
Toucans, Jacamars &
Woodpeckers		 Podicipediformes       
Grebes		 Procellariiformes      
Albatross & Petrel   
American White Pelican Pileated Woodpecker Horned Grebe Atlantic Puffin
      Black Browed Albatross
       
       
       
       



Psittaciformes
Parrots, Cockatoos,     
Parakeets & Macaws		 Rheiformes            
Rheas		 Sphenisciformes        
Penguins      		Strigiformes
Owls                           
African Grey Parrot Rhea King Penguin Spotted Owl
Gray Cheek Parakeet      
Scarlet Macaw      
Umbrella Cokatoo      
       
       

 


Struthioniformes        
Ostriches		 Tinamiformes         
Tinamous		 Trogoniformes          
Trogons
Ostrich Tinamous Trogon
     
     
     
     
     

 

Introduction

     From the very start of recorded time we have been watching birds fly. They do such wonderful things: taking off, flying with twists and turns, soaring and diving, and landing again on a small branch. Fossil records show that birds have been flying for millions of years.   Man had to realize that he could not fly just like a bird. We are not made that way. It was not until man developed the internal combustion engine that he could deal with the problem of minimum weight and maximum power.
     Everything about a bird is made for flight. In order to understand the natural flight of birds, we must first look at the structure of a bird. What makes a bird a bird? There are common things that all birds have . We must explore the earliest birds and look at the actual mechanics of flying. In this way we can understand how birds take off, fly, and land.

What Makes a Bird a Bird?

Birds are unique. In the animal kingdom birds have two reasons for being special. First, all birds have feathers. And second, all birds live in a hurry. Everything about a bird is fast. They breathe faster than any other animal. Their heart beats faster, and their body temperature is higher. Birds have a backbone.

Birds are warm blooded. This means that their body temperature remains the same even in differing temperatures. Birds lay eggs and defend themselves with a bill or a beak. All birds have wings, but not all birds fly.

There are 8,600 species of birds in the world today. They are found everywhere. Birds play a vital role in the balance of nature. They eat insects, pests and small animals. Fruit eating birds are best for scattering seeds for these plants. Seed eating birds digest seeds and in so doing keep millions of weeds from the earth.

Birds also have other values. We eat both eggs and meat from birds. Feathers are used for pillows, quilts and clothing.

Man is in awe of the beauty of the bird. Man has written poetry, stories, and songs about birds. Birds have also become symbols for human values. Owls mean wisdom, the dove peace, and the eagle political power.

Physical Characteristics of a Bird

The scientific study of birds is called ornithology. This type of study started in the 1700's. When we look at a bird several things are noticeable.

Feathers

The first thing that we notice about a bird is its feathers. Feathers are designed in such perfection. They are light but very strong, and they are flexible but very tough. Feathers do not grow all over the bird. The entire body of the bird appears to be covered with feathers. But this is not true. Feathers grow in certain areas called feather tracks. In between the feather tracks are down feathers. This keeps down the body weight. 

Feathers are made of a tough and flexible material called "keratin". Feathers look solid, but they are not.The spine down the middle, called the shaft, is hollow. The vanes are on the two halves of the feather. They are made of thousands of branches called barbs. Because there are many spaces between these barbs, a feather has as much air as matter.

How does a feather grow? It grows from a bump in the skin. Growth begins with the tip of the feather. When a bird hatches, the tip separates and looks like fuzz on the baby bird. This is soft down. This is not a feather but a covering.

The tip forms a tough, protective sheath. As the tip continues to grow, the downy fuzz is pushed ahead of it. Each feather is rolled inside the sheath. It is called a pin feather at this stage. A bird's survival depends upon the condition of its feathers. Birds take a lot of time caring for their feathers. This is called preening. They use their feet and beaks to arrange their feathers. They nibble each feather from the base of the tip. Birds also bathe alot.

Birds have between 1,000 and 25,000 feathers. Feathers can be divided into 6 categories:

  1. Contour feathers
  2. Semiplume feathers
  3. Down feathers
  4. Filoplume feathers
  5. Bristle feathers
  6. Powder-down feathers

Not all birds have all the types of feathers. It depends on what type of bird it is. But all birds have feathers on their wings. The bird's wing is the basic structure for flight. It is the shape of the wing that allows a bird to fly. The shape of the wing is made by the feathers.

The tail of the bird plays a big role during flight. The tail acts as the rudder, balancing and steering the bird. The tail also helps the bird in stopping. The tail is turned downward and acts like a brake.

Feathers are truly amazing. They protect the bird's skin and insulate him. Feathers can be fluffed up in the winter or squeezed down in the summer. Feathers are also used to line nests.

The color of the feathers is important in mating. Birds can see color. Other mammals cannot. The amount of color found in birds is dependent upon their life style. Feathers truly make birds unique in the animal kingdom. The secrets found in a bird's feather is awesome.

Beaks and Feet

The beak or bill of a bird is another unique feature. A bird does not have a heavy jaw bone and teeth, but a lightweight beak. The shape of a bird's beak varies with the type of food it eats

All birds have 2 legs and 2 feet. On the ground most birds get around by walking, hopping or climbing. The shape of the feet and legs is different for each type of bird. It is dependent upon use and function.

Internal Structures of a Bird

Flight is much more than feathers and wings. Everything about a bird is made perfectly for flight. Their entire body inside and out has been designed for flight. Every part must give maximum power with a minimum of weight.

There is a weight limit for a flapping bird. The heavier the animal, the bigger its wings need to be. The bigger the wings, the more muscle is needed to move them. The biggest flying bird today is called the Great Bustard. They weigh as much as 32 pounds and are 4 feet long.

The best way to fly is to be light. So most birds are small. Birds have feathers that are very light weight. The bones that birds have are also made for lightness. Birds have less bones than most animals. The bones they have are hard but thin. The biggest bones in flying birds are the breast bone and the shoulder bones.

Some birds have bones weighing less than their feathers. The powerful flying birds have medium weight skeletons. Birds that don't fly have the heaviest skeleton. In birds many bones are fused together. In this way not as many muscles are needed. The biggest muscles a bird has are its flight muscles. These are very strong because they have to raise the entire body into the air.

The structure of a bird's eyes is very special. Birds have 3 eyelids. The actual image a bird sees depends on the placement of the eyes. The eyeballs of birds are flatter than those of humans. And the retina of a bird's eye is 2 times as thick as a man's. A sparrow hawk can see 8 times more clearly than man.

Hearing is another sense that is strong in birds. The ears not only hear well but are used for maintaining balance. This is critical during flight.

Internal Power System

A large bird burns extra energy taking off and a small bird uses extra energy keeping warm. So they both need to be well designed for supplying energy to their bodies, while maintaining lightness. Birds are warm blooded animals. They must have extra power to keep a constant body temperature. Birds have a natural way to solve this power problem. All the inside organs of a bird run at high speed. This makes for high energy, but shortens the life span of the bird.

The kinds of foods eaten by birds must be "high-octane". These foods are high in calories. They are seeds, nuts, fruits, fish, and rodents. The speed at which a hummingbird burns its food is 50 times greater than man. At night a bird must rest and their body functions slow down. A hummingbird would starve to death at night if his heart, respiration, and body temperature did not slow down.

To create energy from the foods they eat, birds must burn them up. This is called combustion and oxygen is needed to do this. Oxygen is taken into the body through the lungs where it passes into the bloodstream. Birds need a very fast system to supply the energy they need. Also, in birds there are air sacs next to the lungs. They never run out of breath. The lungs of birds work faster than ours. Birds fly into breath. The heart pumps all the blood through the system. A bird's heart beats much faster than other animals. This makes the blood travel through a bird in seconds. Because of this fast blood travel, a bird's body temperature is 7 or 8 degrees higher than a mans.

The Mechanics of Flight in Birds

The shape of a wing is called an airfoil. As the airfoil moves through the air, air goes above and below. The air flow over the upper surface has to move farther than the lower part of the wing. In order for the 2 air flows to make it to the edge of the wing at the same time, the top air must go faster.  

This is the findings of Bernoulli, a scientist: the air on the upper part has a lower pressure than the air moving over the lower part. This pressure difference makes the lifting possible by the wing.

There is another way to get the most lift. The bird can make "slots". Birds can move their feathers at their wing tips to produce slots.

Speed is the most important part in making lift. Speed can be greater by increasing the forward speed of the wing itself as it travels through the air. If you double the speed, the bird gets 4 times the lift. If the bird triples the speed it will get 9 times the lift.

The bird makes its speed by flapping its wings. This forward motion is called thrust. A bird's wing is like the arm of a man. It is the "hand" part of the wing that makes the power to move the bird through the air. The structure of the bird's wing can be folded close to its body when it is not in flight. But when the wing is stretched out it is both the wing and propeller for the bird. The feathers attached to the " hand" bones are the ones that make the forward thrust for the bird.

Try moving your arms really fast. Then turn your arms as you move them. More air motion happens as you twist your arms. This is how it works with a bird. The bird does this motion in an instant. It took man a long time to find out this secret. When man could see this motion with a slow motion camera it helped us.

Gliding Flight

Some birds can glide and soar for hours. Eagles and vultures glide for miles. How? If the power does not come from their wings, where does it come from?

Birds take advantage of upward movements of air called thermals. These birds are resting on piles of air that are moving upward. Many birds find these thermals and use them for the upward push they give. These birds are gliding downward on a constantly rising current of air.

Warm air does not rise from the ground in an even manner. This air is shaped more like doughnuts piled up on one another. Riding thermals are great energy savers for birds when they can find them. But they do not always happen. The sun has to heat the ground enough for thermals to happen. Many large birds wait on the ground until 10 o'clock in the morning for the thermals to form.

There are other kinds of updrafts also. Obstruction currents are made when moving air runs into an object like a cliff, mountain, or tall building. The air is forced up and over the object. Birds can "ride" these currents. Birds by the ocean can also glide and soar using trade winds. These winds give a source of power which the birds can glide on. This is called dynamic soaring.

Take Off and Landing

The time in any flight of the greatest danger is during take off and landing. This is because speed is related to the lift needed to leave the ground. Lift is the weakest at take off because full speed has not been made. And at landing because the speed of the bird is being reduced.

The size of the wing is what determines how much lift is made. The angle at which the wing approaches the air affects lift. This increases the air speed over the wing and produces more lift. Birds use all of these: changing their wing size, lowering flaps, opening slots, using winds, and increasing their speed by flapping their wings faster. Larger birds have a harder time getting into the air. They need a strong wind or they land on cliffs so they can leap off to begin their next flight.

The funniest take off and landing is made by the "Gooney Bird". They run, flap, and hop. With the head wind they make it into the air. To land the gooney bird "starts falling". It crash lands on its nose!

Landing is harder than takeoff. The bird must end his flight slowly. First, the bird slows its wing beats. Next, gravity begins to pull the bird down. Then the bird twists its wing to increase the surface area of the wing. This makes more lift to slow the birds landing.

At the same time, the whole wing is moved slightly at the shoulders to increase the angle of landing. This makes more lift as the speed is slowed. This prevents the bird from dropping too fast. And last, the tail is spread open and lowered to act as a brake.

Variety in flight

Birds live all over the earth. There are many types of birds. Some are large, some are small. The larger birds fly faster. There is a great variety in speeds at which birds fly.

The top speed of a bird depends on its design. The vulture flaps its wing once per second. A small bird flaps its wings 4 times per second. The hummingbird flaps its wings 10 times per second and flies at 60 mph. Every bird can change their speed, but has a top speed during flight.

The fastest bird is the peregrine falcon. It flies at 100 mph in level flight. When it folds its wings against its body, the falcon can dive at 200 mph.

Some birds do not fly very much. They spend most of their time on the ground. These birds are designed for protection on the ground. They are the grouse, pheasant, and quail (as examples).

Most birds do not fly faster or higher than is needed. This is because it takes too much energy to climb against the gravity. Also, there is less oxygen to breathe and support the bird high in the air.

Some birds make sharp turns at top speeds. Others fly mostly in straight lines. The difference is in their tail design. Because the tail is used like a rudder the feathers are broad and stiff. These tail feathers open and close like a fan and move up and down. They also twist to the left or right.

Birds "bank" as they turn. They tilt one wing higher than the other. Banking holds the underside of the wings. Another way the bird turns is to beat one wing a little faster than the other.

Birds that soar over land have wings that are broad and slotted. And birds that soar over the water have long and narrow wings. Both are great.

Birds that dive have special wings. Penguins have flipper-like wings. They use these to move through the water. Underwater birds that dive can stay under the water for 15 minutes. Birds use many ways to fish. Some skim the water surface, while others climb 100 feet into the air before diving into the water. Diving birds have special ends on their flight feathers. They are notched so that they cannot stick together.

The most unique flying bird is the hummingbird. It can fly in one place in the air for long periods of time. Their bodies are upright. Their wings sweep back and forth. This is like a helicopter. Since their wings make as much power on the up stroke as on the down stroke, their muscle structure is not like other birds. Both flight muscles are large and make up 30% of their total body weight.

Birds are something else - natures perfect flying machine! Birds are found everywhere because they do fly. Flying is such a fantastic way to get around. Man cannot do what a bird does naturally. But he tries.

Bird Magazines
Birds & Nature

Classroom Birdscope Webzine

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All About Ducks for Kids

Banded Birds   Why are birds banded?  Scientists put bands on birds to find out where the birds fly to.

Bird Nests   Here we have a small collection of bird nests.  Click on a species name below to see what their nest looks like.  In the future, we hope to add more details about each species shown such as when they nest, how many eggs are laid, and what materials they use to build their nest.

Bird Skulls   Bird skulls come in all shapes and sizes.  Click on the name of a bird below to see its skull in several different positions.  There are even a few skulls that aren't birds.

Bird Topography   Welcome to the Interactive Bird Topography.  What is Topography?  Well, it is basically a map of the outside of the bird.  Knowing the parts of a bird help birdwatchers describe to others what they have seen.

Eggs   The egg is a fascinating thing!  It protects a developing chick in remarkable ways.  Here you can look at eggs from different species, see how a chick develops inside the eggs, and learn some amazing egg facts.

Parts of a Feather   Feathers are what make a bird a bird. They are the only creature that grows feathers and every bird has them. Most birds have between 1500 - 3000 feathers. A swan has over 25,000 feathers!

Owl Coloring Pages
Barn Owl

Barred Owl

Eastern Screech Owl

Great Horned Owl

Northern Saw-Whet Owl

Snowy Owl

Educator Resources

Owl Word Search