Spread of Industry
Last Updated      12/31/2009     12/27/2009     1/12/2008      1/7/2008

The Industrial Revolution spread from Great Britain to other countries.

Other Countries

Great Britatin
Great Britain tried to keep its inventions a secret.
Machines or the plans for machines could not be taken out of Great Briain.
Skilled workers could not leave the country.
By the 1800s, many ignored the law and left Great Britain.
Other countries welcomed these immigrants for their industrial secrets.

Samuel Slater
1789, a young British mechanic named Samuel Slater arrived in New York.
He  brought secrets of spinning and weaving  machines.
Slater operated the first factory in the United States.

Belgium
Belgium was the second country to industrialize.
They had rich deposits of iron and coal.

France
France was the next country to industrialize.
They began in the 1700s, but were slowed by war and revolution.

United States
The United States was next.
The United States had many natural resources.

Germany
Germany was well supplied with coal and iron.
They were divided into 30 separate states.
The states would not coperate with each other.
1871 Germany unifies and begins to make industrial progress.

Technological Advances


Telegraph: Samuel Morse
In 1837, Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke invented the first British electric telegraph.
1791, Samuel Morse born in Massachusetts.
1810, Morse graduates from Yale University.
Samuel F. B. Morse, becomes a professor of arts and design at New York University.
In 1835, he proved that signals could be transmitted by wire.
He used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet.
This moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper, the invention of Morse Code.
1837, Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail built the first American electric telegraph.
The following year, the device was modified to emboss the paper with dots and dashes.
1838, he gave a public demonstration.
1844 May 24, his first message was "What has God wrought?"
1843,  Congress funded $30,000 to construct an experimental telegraph line.
1844, when he built a line from Baltimore to Washington, D.C. a distance of 40 miles
1849, members of Congress witnessed the sending and receiving of messages over part of the telegraph line.
1854, 23,000 miles of telegraph wire crisscrossed the United States.
The invention made railroad travel safer.
It allowed businessmen to conduct their operations more profitably.

Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell
Early Life
1847 March 3, Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.
He was educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London.
In 1870, Alexander's two other brothers died from tuberculosis, and Alexander was also threatened.
1870, he immigrated to Canada.
1871, he immigrated to the United States.
In the United States he began teaching deaf-mutes, publicizing the system called visible speech.
The system, which was developed by his father, the Scottish educator Alexander Melville Bell
It shows how the lips, tongue, and throat are used in the articulation of sound.
1872, Bell founded a school for deaf-mutes in Boston, Massachusetts.

Invention of the Telephone
1874, Aleck became interested in developing a telegraph machine which could carry more than one message at a time.
From this interest grew another one.
Aleck wondered if it would be possible to send spoken words over a wire.
While working on a multiple telegraph, he developed the basic ideas for the telephone.
1875, files first patent for telegraphy.
In 1875 Bell began working with Thomas Watson, a mechanically-inclined electrician.
1876, the first complete sentence was transmitted, "Mr. Watson, come here, I want you."
The telephone was first introduced at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and was an instant success.
At first it was rented only to "persons of good breeding."
It was seen as an expensive luxury for doctors and businessmen.
Within three years there were 30,000 telephones in use around the world.
The telephone soon transformed American life.
Trees gave way to telephone poles as operators known as "hello girls" began to connect a sprawling continent.
1877, Bell married Mabel Hubbard.
1877, formed Bell Telephone Company to operate local telephone exchange operation.
November 26, he transmitted sound clearly between Cambridge and Salem, Massachusetts.

Later Life
1880, invented the photophone, which transmits speech by light rays.
1881, Bell invents the metal detector.
1882, acquired a controlling interest in the Western Electric Company, Elisha Gray's company.
1885, formed American Telephone and Telegraph Company to operate the long distance network.
1886, first wax recording cylinder, introduced, formed the basis of the modern phonograph.
1896, he was the founder and elected first President of National Geographic Society.
1907, he devised a kite capable of carrying a person. With a group of associates.
1917, developed "hydrodrome," at (70 mph) the fastest boat in the world for many years.
Additionally, he invented the first air-conditioning.
He thought of solar paneling for the storage of energy.
He even worked on toilets that would compost human waste.
He is also credited with the rudimentary design of fiber optics, a means of alternative fuels, and a design for a respirator.

Death
1922 August 4, Alexander Graham Bell died.
On that day millions of phones went dead.
In Bell's honor, all phones served by the Bell System in the USA and Canada went silent for one minute.
Long before Alexander Graham Bell filed a patent application in 1875, Daniel Drawbaugh claimed to have invented the telephone.
He had no journal or record, the Supreme Court rejected his claims by four votes to three.
Alexander Graham Bell had excellent records and was awarded the patent for the telephone.
Bell was granted 18 patents in his name, and 12 he shared with collaborators.
He is the 9th Greatest Canadian.
He is the 57th greatest Britton
he is one of the top 100 Greatest Americans..
In 2002, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill conferring recognition for the invention of the telephone to Antonio Meucci.



Electric Light: Thomas Edison
Early Life
1847 February 11, born in Milan, Ohio.
Edison began working at an early age.
At thirteen he took a job as a newsboy, selling newspapers and candy on the local railroad that ran through Port Huron to Detroit.
He spent much of his free time reading scientific, and technical books.
He also had the opportunity at this time to learn how to operate a telegraph.
By the time he was sixteen, Edison was proficient enough to work as a telegrapher full time.

Universal Stock Ticker
During the next five years, Edison worked in a lot of places.
1868, he was in Boston, Massachusetts.
He received his first patent on an electric vote recorder.
This device was intended for use by elected bodies such as Congress to speed the voting process.
This invention was a commercial failure.
Edison resolved that in the future he would only invent things that he was certain the public would want.

First Successful Invention
1869, Edison moved to New York City.
He developed his first successful invention, an improved stock ticker.
He was paid $40.000 for his invention.
1871, he used the money to set up a small laboratory in Newark, New Jersy.
During the next five years, Edison worked in Newark.
He was inventing and manufacturing devices that greatly improved the speed and efficiency of the telegraph.
He also found to time to get married to Mary Stilwell and start a family.

Menlo Park
1876, sells lab and moves to Menlo Park.
He sets up a new lab for research and development.
This is sometimes said to be his greatest invention.
Invents tin foil phonograph.
It can record and play sounds.
1878 April, he is invited to the White House to show it to President Ruherord B. Hayes

Light Bulb
1879, Thomas Edison invents the electric light.
1879 December, first public showing of the elecric incadescent light bulb.
In 1880 he designed the features of the modern light bulb.
It had an incandescent filament in an evacuated glass bulb with a screw base.
The filament was a caronized piece of sewing thread burned for 13 1/4 hours.
He spent the next several yeras creating the electric industry.
1882, first power station on Peral Street in lower Manhatten.
Edison becomes famous and wealthy.
1884, Edison's wife dies.
1886 February, Edison marries Mina Miller.

West Orange Lab and Factories
1887, builds new lab in West Orange.
Factories were built around the lab to manufacture his inventions.
The lab was over 20 acres and employed 10,000 people.
1889, all the electrical companies become Edison General Electric.
1892, Edison's company financed by JP Morgan merges with Thompson-Houston.
The new company becomes General Electric.

Other Inventions
1890, Edison manufactures the phonograph, an electric railroad, and an electric battery.
1891, he demonstrates motion pictures.
Greates failure was developing a method to mine iron ore that was not commercially practical.
Because of the phonograph and motion picture industry Edison was still financially OK>
The storage battery becomes Edison's most profitable product.
1911, Edison combines all of his companies under one name, Thomas A. Edison Incorporated.
Edison became president and chairman.
The lab doesn't do much experimenting.
The lab worked on refining existing products.
1915, Edison leads the Naval Consulting Board.
1918, Motion Picture company closes.
1929, Congress awards Edison a special Medal of Honor.
Edison's last experiment was foe Henry Ford and and Harvey Firestone.
He was trying to find a replacement for rubber.
He found a type of Golden Rod that could be used.
1931 October 18, he died while he was working on the project.

Nick Tesla
A technical genius the serbian Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) is the greatest known inventor of all times.
From the electric motor to free energy wireless power transmission, alternating current and radio.
From fluorescent lighting and neon to lasers and weather-manipulating microwave weapon.
He seems to have almost invented the modern world all by himself.
He made a remote-controlled robotic boat that responded to his voice commands.
It was fed via wireless power;
He devised, built and proof-tested a system for transmitting limitless amounts of energy.
He thought he could electrify the entire world with a wireless arrangement of only 12 towers,
He had a tower at his Wardenclyffe lab.
J.P. Morgan had it torn down.




Internal Combustion Engine

Gottlieb Daimler
1885, Daimler invents the internal combustion engine.
March 8, 1886, Daimler took a stagecoach and adapted it to hold his engine.
He designed the world's first four-wheeled automobile. 


Rudolph Diesel
Rudolf Diesel develops an oil burning internal combustion engine.
This engine could run large industrial plants, locomotives, and ocean liners.


Wireless Telegraph
1895, Marconi built the wireless telegraph, the radio.
1901, message sent across the Atlantic Ocean.
Proved that the curvature of the Earth did not affect radio waves.

Bibliography
"American Inventos and Their Inventions." Remembering Gallery. 12 Jan. 2008. http://www.150.si.edu/150trav/remember/amerinv.htm.

Bellis, Mary. "Biography of Thomas Edison." http://inventors.about.com/od/estartinventors/a/Edison_Bio.htm.

Greenblatt, Miriam, and Lemmo, Peter. Human Heritage A World History. Columbus, Ohio: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

"Marconi Wireless Apparatus." Spark Museum. 12 Jan. 2008. http://www.sparkmuseum.com/MARCONI.HTM.